What is an oil tanker?
Publish time:
2025-04-25 15:33
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An oil tanker is a "vessel" that carries petroleum and petroleum products (such as diesel, gasoline, and heavy oil). Its structural characteristics are
An oil tanker refers to a "vessel" that transports crude oil and petroleum products (such as diesel, gasoline, and heavy oil). Its structural features are:
① Cargo is loaded and unloaded via pipelines using oil pumps, so there are no cargo handling equipment or large cargo hatches on deck, but manholes are provided for access to tanks and compartments throughout the vessel, allowing for inspection, maintenance, and ventilation of the tank interior.
② Due to the volatility, flammability, and explosiveness of oil, strict fire safety requirements are in place. The IMO 1978 Protocol stipulates that newly built oil tankers with a deadweight of over 20,000 t must have inert gas explosion protection systems, and the engine room must be located in the stern.
③ Cargo oil tanks are separated by multiple longitudinal bulkheads and multiple transverse bulkheads to reduce the effect of free surface on stability.
④ The hull has a large length-to-depth ratio and high bending moment, so a longitudinal framing structure is often adopted to increase longitudinal strength.
⑤ Transportation is often one-directional. To maintain a certain draft during the return voyage in ballast, a large amount of ballast water must be loaded. Therefore, modern large oil tankers must have dedicated ballast water tanks, or use oil tanks for ballast water. Before ballasting, oil tanks must be cleaned, hence oil tankers must be equipped with crude oil washing systems. With the rapid growth of oil production and transportation, oil tankers are developing towards larger sizes. The world's largest oil tanker is Japan's "Seawise Giant", with a total length of 458.54m, a beam of 68.8m, a molded depth of 29.8m, a draft of 24.6m, and a deadweight of 560,000 tons.
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